Impact Factor (2025): 6.9
DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET
Graphs
offer a flexible platform to represent relational data in various fields
including social networks, communication networks and biological networks and
financial systems. Conventional graph representation learning algorithms,
especially Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), are usually prone to degree bias,
where high-degree nodes dominate the information-flowing process, resulting in
unbalanced embedding’s and impaired generalization, and in heterogeneous
networks in particular. To address this problem, we introduce a Community-Aware
Graph Transformer (CGT) with the purpose of incorporating community structure
information into the attention mechanism to improve the aggregation of
information of nodes and alleviate the degree bias. The real-life network data,
MIT Reality Mining and Enron Email, and Facebook Social networks were
preprocessed and merged into one unified dataset with the extracted graph
features, including node degree, clustering coefficient, and PageRank.
Classical machine learning models (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gradient
Boosting, SVM, KNN, Decision Tree) and deep learning models (DNN, RNN, LSTM,
GRU, CNN1D, Bi-LSTM) were used to estimate the predictive performance of node
embedding’s produced by CGT. Findings indicate that the deep learning models
performed better, and the RNN-based models presented the best accuracy (99.97
percent), precision (99.90 percent), recall (99.87 percent), F1-Score (99.89
percent), and Cohen Kappa (99.95 percent). Classical ML models that are
ensemble based like the Random Forest and Gradient Boosting also performed
outstandingly as they reached 100% on all metrics whereas the simplistic models
demonstrated slight constraints.
Country : Iran
IRJIET, Volume 9, Issue 10, October 2025 pp. 96-104