International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology - IRJIET International Open Access, Monthly, Peer Reviewed, Reputed Journal ISSN (online): 2581-3048

Impact Factor (2025): 6.9

DOI Prefix: 10.47001/IRJIET

Exploring the Role of Host-Pathogen Interaction in Airborne Disease Susceptibility

Abstract

The capacity of airborne infectious illnesses to generate broad epidemics and their high rates of transmission make them a constant concern to public health around the world. Serious morbidity and mortality can result from these illnesses, which are mostly transmitted by aerosols and respiratory droplets. To create efficient treatment and prevention plans, it is essential to comprehend the molecular mechanisms underpinning host-pathogen interactions. Four main airborne bacterial pathogens—Neisseria meningitidis, Yersinia pestis, Legionella pneumophila, and Streptococcus pneumoniae—and their interactions with host proteins are the subject of this study. We investigated the binding affinities of important virulence agents, including adhesins, toxins, and immune evasion proteins, with host receptors using molecular docking analyses. The docking results highlighted the molecular underpinnings of disease by revealing robust connections that promote bacterial adherence, immune system evasion, and intracellular survival. Human epithelial cell receptors and pneumococcal adhesins have high-affinity interactions, indicating possible targets for preventing bacterial colonization. Similar to this, Yersinia pestis uses its Type III Secretion System (T3SS) to control immunological responses, whereas Neisseria meningitidis uses host factor binding proteins to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Legionella pneumophila demonstrates the pathogen's versatility in host invasion by taking advantage of the host's cellular machinery to establish a replicative niche.

These discoveries open the door for innovative therapeutic approaches by offering vital insights into the molecular underpinnings of airborne illness susceptibility. Using monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, or vaccine-based strategies to target these interactions may prevent bacterial colonization and illness. Furthermore, improvements in ventilation, public health initiatives, and air filtration technology all contribute to the prevention of disease. Our capacity to create efficient antibacterial methods will be improved by combining computational docking research with experimental validation. This study advances our knowledge of the dynamics between airborne pathogens and hosts and encourages the creation of novel strategies to fight infectious diseases.

Country : India

1 Palak Sachdeva2 Jyoti Prakash3 Akanksha Pandey4 Rachna Chaturvedi

  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
  2. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
  3. Queen Mary Hospital, KGMU Lucknow, India
  4. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India

IRJIET, Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2025 pp. 131-138

doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2025.905017

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