In this study, a roundness measurement approach is proposed, which combines a V-block setup with a non-tactile distance sensor. The results obtained from this method are compared with those measured using a commercial CMM. The proposed method is not only cost-efficient but also enables high-frequency data acquisition, which facilitates a more detailed characterization of the actual surface profile. Furthermore, it features a straightforward hardware configuration and simplified data processing. Measurements were conducted on two cylindrical surfaces (denoted A and B) of a shaft specimen, with each measurement repeated 15 times to assess repeatability based on the standard deviation. The results indicate that the V-block method yielded lower standard deviations than the CMM method with varying numbers of measurement points. Notably, a significant discrepancy was observed for surface B. This suggests that the sparse sampling of discrete points by the CMM may be insufficient to capture the true surface profile. Overall, the proposed method demonstrates strong potential as a reliable and practical solution for roundness evaluation.